Magneto-Electrocatalysis: A Multiscale Perspective on Designing High-Efficiency Electrocatalysts for Clean Energy

초록

The development of highly efficient electrocatalysts is pivotal to advancing clean energy conversion technologies, as performance directly dictates the efficiency, stability, and scalability of energy-related processes. Leveraging external magnetic fields to bypass kinetic barriers via multiscale manipulation spanning quantum, nanoscale, and mesoscopic dimensions has emerged as a transformative strategy to transcend the inherent constraints of conventional thermodynamic scaling relations. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms through which magnetic modulation enhances the intrinsic activity of catalysts during the synthesis stage. At the quantum scale, field-induced spin polarization reconfigures metal–ligand orbital hybridization to intrinsically lower reaction energy barriers. At the atomic scale, an analysis of the synergy between magnetic Gibbs free energy, Lorentz-driven magnetohydrodynamic vortices, and Kelvin forces reveals the fundamental principles governing accelerated interfacial mass transport and regulated gas evolution. Finally, at the mesoscopic scale, magnetic field-directed assembly leverages magnetic dipole interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropy to construct ordered hierarchical architectures. By establishing clear structure-activity relationships between magnetic field-assisted synthesis, multiscale structural regulation, and catalytic performance enhancement, this review aims to provide new insights to overcome the current bottleneck in electrocatalyst design and to guide the development of next-generation magnetically responsive electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion. © 2026 The Author(s). Battery Energy published by Xijing University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

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