일본어 복합동사에 대응하는 한국어, 중국어 표현의 대조 연구

초록

This study aims to compare, by type, how Japanese compound verbs are rendered in Chinese and Korean. We extracted 362 Japanese compound verbs from the “Society” section of NHK news published between January and March 2025 and used them as our dataset. During analysis, we consulted the lexical explanations in NINJAL’s Compound Verb Lexicon together with various electronic dictionaries, and produced context-appropriate Chinese and Korean translations for each token. We then classified the items according to Kageyama’s (1993) four-way typology and calculated their distribution. Results show that Japanese compound verbs are distributed as follows: VV (both the first and second verbs retain their own meanings in combination): 185; Vs (the second verb semantically supports the first): 116; pV (the first verb functions prefixally toward the second): 39; and V (lexicalized into a single meaning): 22. For Chinese renderings, “V+V” was most frequent (209), followed by single-verb forms (85), “Adv+V” (32), and others (26). Within the 209 “V+V” items, 193 were pure “V+V,” while “V+V+V” (6), “V+V+N” (1), “Adv+V+V” (1), “V+V+Adv” (1), and “Postp+V+V” (1) were also observed. For Korean, “V+V” accounted for 148 items, single-verb forms 144, “Adv+V” 33, “N+V” 17, and others 20. These findings indicate that compact, semantically concentrated compound-verb expressions are most prevalent in Japanese, followed by Chinese and then Korean. Moreover, Chinese exhibits greater structural variety and heavier reliance on “V+V” patterns than Korean, whereas Korean employs single-verb and “N+V” patterns more frequently than Chinese.

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