심리측정 패러다임의 비판적 고찰: 계층적 위험-기회 생성 모형과 척도 제안

초록

This study aims to critique the conceptual ambiguity and risk-centric bias of the dominant psychometric paradigm in risk perception research, a core concept in risk communication, and to propose an alternative theoretical framework and measurement tool that can provide an integrative explanation of both risk and opportunity perceptions. To this end, the study integrates critical realism with enactivism to construct a “Stratified Risk-Opportunity Generation Model (SROGM),” which explains the multilayered process through which the potential of an object is actualized, experienced, and subsequently evaluated. Based on this theoretical model, the study reclassifies the attributes of risk identified in the traditional psychometric paradigm into five perceptual layers: (1) core emotions, (2) event attributes, (3) event probability, (4) knowledge state, and (5) agent of actions. Building on this reclassification, it develops the “Stratified Risk-Opportunity Perception Scale,” designed to measure risks and opportunities symmetrically. By conceptualizing risk and opportunity not as opposing ends of a single dimension but as distinct yet coexisting constructs, and by clarifying their perceptual processes as generative and hierarchical structures, this study enhances theoretical coherence. The proposed model and scale provide an empirical foundation for more multidimensional diagnoses of individuals’perceptions of complex socio-technical issues and contribute both academically and practically by informing effective communication strategies and policies across diverse risk domains.

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