일제강점기 일본인 연구자들의 민속종교 연구: 무라야마 지준(村山智順)과 아키바 다카시(秋葉隆)의 경기 지역 동제 조사 사례를 중심으로

초록

This study examines the case of Dongje(village rites, 洞祭) in the Gyeonggi region, a study conducted by Japanese researchers during the Japanese colonial period, Chijun Muraya(村山智順) and Takashi Akiba(秋葉隆). This study aims to compare and analyze these findings from a cultural perspective. Dongje is a folk religion practiced annually by members of local communities. The Gyeonggi region was selected as a research area because both researchers provided detailed accounts of dongje in that region within their publications. While Murayama and Akiba, respectively, held positions as a commissioned officer of the Japanese Government-General of Korea and a professor at Keijo Imperial University(京城帝國大學), their research perspectives and methodologies differ, leading to some differences in their research. However, their perspectives on reading Korean culture through Dongje are similar. Both researchers focused on the social significance of Dongje in Joseon. Murayama did not view Joseon's folk religion positively. However, after writing “Burakje(部落祭)”(1937), Murayama emphasized the social significance of dongje that bound the village community together as a religion beyond the family ties in the family-centered society of Joseon. It is considered that Murayama began to read Joseon culture from a different perspective following the research on dongje. In “Study of Joseon Shamanism(朝鮮巫俗の硏究)”(1938), Akiba analyzed that for Joseon people, dongje had various aspects such as festive and economic dimensions in addition to their religious function, and that this was the “rurality” of Joseon society. The rural nature that Akiba argued for may be a concept that is opposed to the urban, but it can be interpreted as a reading of a culture in which communication between members of the local community is active.

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