한국과 일본의 경제안보전략과 데이터 보호주의: ‘라인야후’ 사태를 중심으로

초록

This study analyzed Japan’s restructuring of its economic security policy and data protection legislation following the 2023 “LINE Incident,” amid intensifying U.S.–China strategic competition and the global rise of digital protectionism, and compared it with South Korea’s response. Japan perceived data leaks through foreign platforms as a national security threat and sought to secure “strategic autonomy” over key infrastructure, such as data, information, and technology. To this end, it strengthened its institutional governance through the Economic Security Promotion Act (2022) and the Act on the Protection of Important Economic Security Information (2024), while pursuing a “Decoupling from Naver” strategy under the Ministry of Internal Affairs’ administrative guidance and public–private cooperation to promote data localization and technological independence. In contrast, South Korea established a flexible governance framework emphasizing corporate autonomy and international cooperation by enacting the “Three Supply Chain Security Acts,” issuing the Zero-Trust Security Guidelines, and revising regulations on cross-border data transfers. While Japan adopted a state-led and protectionist approach to economic security, Korea maintained an open and collaborative industrial policy aligned with international norms. Therefore, in an era of expanding data protectionism, Korea must build an integrated economic security governance system that connects data sovereignty with supply chain resilience to ensure national security and industrial competitiveness.

키워드