조선시대 제주의 풍속 - 문화현상으로서의 무속 재조명 -

초록

This study reexamines Jeju shamanism, which was thoroughly marginalized as an “improper rite” by the ruling powers of the Joseon Dynasty, as an agentic cultural phenomenon. It has been confirmed that the critical records of shamanism appearing in historical records of the Joseon Dynasty are, paradoxically, a treasure trove of historical records that most closely testify to the aspects of Jeju’s shrines, deities, and rituals at the time. The study found that Jeju shrines were originally credible sanctuaries within the “Four Great National Halls” system, where prayers were prayed for maritime safety. However, with the strengthening of Neo-Confucianism in the mid-Joseon period, they became targets of authoritarian exclusion. Despite Lee Hyeong-sang’s drastic policy of demolition in the early 18th century, shamanism remained deeply embedded in the lives of the people, demonstrating a resilience that surpasses its past scale in the 21st century. Furthermore, the ‘simbang’, ritual officiating priests in Jeju, exhibited a unique gender ratio with a higher proportion of men unlike mainland counterparts. This distinct structure played a key role in establishing Jeju’s cultural identity. Shamanistic rituals served as a vital support for the Jeju people’s survival in their harsh natural environment, and as a practical tool for fostering social cohesion within the community. This study holds significance in demonstrating that Jeju shamanism, which was subject to intense state oppression such as the abolition of Shindang shrines during the Joseon Dynasty and was othered by the ruling class, was not merely an “improper rite”, but rather an objective cultural phenomenon actively embraced and sustained by the Jeju people.

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