경제적 상호의존 속 수출규제의 한계 - 중일 간 상호 수출규제 사례 비교 분석 -

초록

This study compares China's 2010 rare earth export restrictions against Japan with Japan's 2023 semiconductor export controls on China, examining the effectiveness and limitations of politically motivated trade measures within the context of deep Sino–Japanese economic interdependence. Both cases occurred amid heightened geopolitical tensions—territorial disputes in 2010 and U.S.–China tech rivalry in 2023—reflecting the erosion of the long–standing principle of separating politics and economics. Rare earths and semiconductor equipment are strategic assets for both countries and mutually complementary within the global supply chain. While these controls caused short–term disruptions, they also prompted localization, technological substitution, and supply diversification, ultimately weakening their effectiveness. The study further argues that such controls, under the banner of “economic security,” erode institutional trust and amplify supply chain risks. It concludes that the pursuit of political objectives through unilateral export controls is inherently limited, and that institutional cooperation and trust–building offer a more viable path toward stabilizing the China–Japan semiconductor supply chain.

키워드