교토와 도래인: 하타씨(秦氏)와 신사(神社)를 중심으로

초록

Kyoto(京都), the city of Buddhist Temples which is said to be a center of Japanese tradition and culture, is at the same time the city of the most great Shinto Shrines. However people know little about the fact that Kyoto was originally cultivated by the Hata Clan(秦氏), Korean immigrants in ancient times and that there remains lots of Shinto Shrines with their old associations in Kyoto. Many of those Shrines were at first built by the Hata Clan, where Hatano-Kawakatsu(秦河勝), a great leader of the Hata Clan at that time has been worshipped as a main deity. This essay is intended to examine the interrelation of religious beliefs in ancient Korea and Japan, while revealing the origin of such Shinto Shrines in Kyoto as Matsuno-o Taisha(松尾大社), Fushimi-inari Taisha(伏見稲荷大社), Upper & Lower Kamo Jinja(上賀茂神社·下鴨神社), and Iwashimizu-hachimangu(岩清水八幡宮) which has been among the most powerful and influential Shinto Shrines in Japan, as well as Konoshimanimasu-amaterasu-mitama Jinja(木島坐天照御魂神社), Kokai Jinja(養蠶神社), Osake Jinja(大酒神社) etc., which were very well-known as the top-ranking Shrines but nowadays are almost ruined. To this purpose, I will show some conflicting attitudes toward the origin of Hata Clan in terms of the various arguments presented by Korean and Japanese historians until now. And then, while focusing upon the close relationship between the Shinto Shrines mentioned above and the Hata Clan, I will suggest the reason why the Hata Clan originated from Kaya=Shilla, who were representative of the various Korean immigrant groups in ancient Japan, adhered closely to the Shinto belief, in contrast with the case of other Korean immigrant clans. In conclusion, we can expect that this essay will give some important clues to the issue of mutual relations between Shinto beliefs and the Korean ancient beliefs such as Shamanism, Mountain belief, Taoism, and Buddhism.

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