일대일로, PGII, 글로벌 게이트웨이: 중국과 서방의 개도국 개발 프로그램들과 한국의 대응방안

초록

China has changed BRI so as to perform ‘small and beautiful’ projects. This change was caused by the hostile opinions of the world, international finance environments, weakened China’s investment potentials and increase of China’s debts. To counter BRI, US has proposed B3W to G7 and EU has announced Global Gateway. These Western infrastructure programs could show trap of democracy, unclear distinction to China and inefficiency of implementation. Considering the huge demand of developing world’s infrastructures, Chinese and Western programs are expected to have Crowd-in effect rather than Crowd-Out. The three programs have similar investment field – digital, energy, transportation and health. Target regions are overlapped with emphasis on Asia by China, Africa and Eastern Europe by EU. In the requirements on recipients’ governance and fiscal health, Western programs maintain high ones while BRI is becoming higher. China build fast and effectively but with the discouraged people or region. The West tend to make more inclusive results but with consuming more time and resources. 'Untied' and 'local contents', among other aid principles by OECD, will be weakened as the West began to persue efficiency and their own interests. South Korea has to establish a new development cooperation program for the developing countries. The program must be balanced between the OECD rules, the behaviors of donors. For doing so, a cautious approach is required toward Blue Dot Network.

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