유네스코 인류무형문화유산의 지역 정체성 강화와 사회적 통합 기제 연구 －강릉단오제를 중심으로－

초록

This study aims to analyze how the Gangneung Danoje Festival has functioned as a core mechanism for reinforcing local community identity and fostering social integration since its inscription as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The Gangneung Danoje Festival has undergone dynamic transformations marked by the replacement and shifting character of its main deity, ‘Daegwallyeong Seonghwangsin’ (大關嶺 城隍神) Throughout its transmission, the festival has undergone shifts in its main deities and their spiritual characteristics. Its evolution from the ‘Eupchiseonghwangje’ (邑治城隍祭) of the Joseon Dynasty, through its preservation by market merchants during the Japanese colonial period, to its modern designation as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage and UNESCO-listed element demonstrates that the vitality of intangible heritage is rooted in the voluntary will of the community. By integrating religious solemnity with festive performance, the Gangneung Danoje Festival provides a 'symbolic boundary' for local residents and serves as a 'repository of meaning' that solidifies communal bonds. Since the UNESCO inscription, the agents of transmission have diversified through participatory rituals such as ‘Sinjumibongjeong’ (offering of sacred rice) and ‘Sintongdaegil-gilnori’ (street parade), acting as a powerful catalyst for modern social integration. The Gangneung Danoje Festival suggests that intangible heritage is not merely a preservation of the past but a unique mechanism for resolving contemporary social conflicts and ensuring the sustainability of local communities. This study is significant in that it elucidates how the symbolic value of the festival is concretely realized, thereby proposing a process-oriented direction for future intangible heritage policies.

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