일본 안보 전략 재편에 따른 방위산업 활성화 시도에 대한 고찰: ‘방위장비이전 3원칙’ 개정을 중심으로

초록

After the end of the Cold War, Japan has attempted to respond to the rapidly changing East Asian security environment by enacting and revising various security-related laws. In particular, it has sought to strengthen its military power by easing various restrictions on the development and import/export of defense equipment and defense spending, which have been major obstacles to strengthening Japan's defense capabilities. In 2014, the Abe administration revised the 'Three Principles of Arms Export', which had hindered the development of Japan's defense industry for a long time. Also, the current Kishida administration is attempting groundbreaking changes in Japanese security policy through revisions to the three major security-related documents and the ‘Three Principles of Defense Equipment Transfer’ operation guidelines. This study seeks to analyze the extent to which these policy changes have led to changes in Japan's defense industry and increase in defense power to date. In other words, by analyzing Japan's equipment acquirement trends and the status of the defense industry since 2014, we aim to understand the trends in Japan's defense industry. As a result of the analysis, this study suggests that, firstly, it is difficult to judge that Japan has significantly increased its defense capabilities over the past 10 years since the revision of the Defense Equipment Transfer Act in 2014. Second, the causes are 1) rising equipment maintenance costs; 2) lack of experience and high entry barriers in the international arms market; 3) negative domestic public opinion regarding arms exports; 4) image management for defense industry-related companies. Third, considering the fact that related companies are currently actively attempting to export weapons through exchanges and joint development with overseas countries, it appears that there is ample room for Japan's defense industry to develop in a different way from the present.

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