정보기술의 확산, 상품다변화 그리고 수출에 미치는 파급효과 : IT 생산산업과 사용산업을 중심으로

초록

International trade theory has been interested in what makes it possible for a country to export more than another. Traditional theory contributed it to lower market prices due to lower costs of production. However, the quality of products and/or the number of varieties possible to produce is considered as another important factor of export competitiveness. The renovation or increase in the number of varieties can be achieved by accumulation of knowledge. Since knowledge stocks raised in one country are easily transferable to other countries and applied to produce similar products, renovation and/or varieties of exporting goods depends not only on country's own knowledge stocks but also on other countries' accumulated knowledge. The total effect of foreign knowledge stock on home country export is ambiguous; first, increases in foreign knowledge stocks have a negative impact on a home country's export because it allows foreign countries to produce more varieties of goods, forcing the home country's world market share to shrink. On the other hand, it could have positive impacts due to the knowledge spillover effect. Constructing an estimation model that is based on a product differentiation model, we measure the effect of foreign knowledge stock on home country export in IT industry for 11 OECD countries for twelve years, from 1990 to 2001. We divide IT industry into IT manufacturing industry and IT using industry. The results show that the positive effect of increase in foreign knowledge stock on home country export exceeds the negative effect in case of IT using industry. On the other hand, the effect of foreign knowledge stock on home country export turns out to be insignificant for IT manufacturing industry.

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