Ultrasound-Driven Piezocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Generation and Applications

초록

While hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves as a pivotal reagent across biomedical and environmental domains, its centralized production conflicts with the demand for on-demand, spatially confined delivery. Ultrasound-driven piezocatalysis directly converts mechanical energy into surface chemistry through piezoelectric polarization without electrodes or photons, enabling oxidant generation precisely where and when needed. Despite progress, the field lacks a unified framework connecting its mechanistic foundations, acoustic physics, and application potential. We systematically examine the two dominant mechanistic models; energy band theory and the screening charge effect, and discuss the H2O2 pathway. The physical role of ultrasound is examined beyond its conventional treatment, distinguishing between pressure-driven deformation and cavitation-induced impulsive stress as distinct modes of energy transfer. Rather than a compilation of materials, we outline design strategies through which heterojunction engineering, geometric dimensionality, crystal structure modulation, and surface functionalization enhance charge separation and catalytic H2O2 yield. Furthermore, we highlight applications ranging from cancer immunotherapy and implant infection control to environmental remediation. Crucially, its wireless and light-free operation enables deployment in deep-tissue and enclosed scenarios inaccessible to photocatalytic or electrochemical systems. Finally, this review establishes a clear framework for the rational design of next-generation piezocatalysts.

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