Flash-Thermal Shock Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Catalysts for Chemical Sensing

초록

Flash-thermal shock (FTS) synthesis is a nonequilibrium processing strategy for rapidly tailoring nanomaterials and catalysts through millisecond-scale high-temperature pulses. By localizing photothermal energy within a short time window, FTS can induce precursor decomposition, reduction, defect generation, phase transformation, and catalyst immobilization while suppressing grain growth, sintering, and thermal degradation. These features are particularly useful for chemical gas sensors, where surface defects, interfacial charge transfer, catalytic activity, and structural stability strongly affect sensing performance. This review focuses on intense pulsed light (IPL)-driven FTS as a scalable, non-contact photothermal route for designing sensing materials. We first discuss representative rapid annealing techniques, photothermal mechanisms, and material-selection criteria for efficient FTS. We then summarize FTS-enabledengineering of carbon materials, metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and carbides, with emphasis on defect control, phase reconstruction, heterointerface formation, and sensing-relevant transport modulation. Catalyst design strategies involving high-entropy alloys, single-atom catalysts, and ex-solution catalysts are further discussed in relation to gas activation and selectivity control. Finally, we outline current challenges and future opportunities for advancing FTSderived materials for next-generation chemical sensing.

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