현용준의 물질문화 연구 －제주도 무속을 중심으로－

초록

This study aims to examine the trends and achievements of the material culture research by Hyun Yong-jun, putting focus on the shamanism of Jeju Island, and to analyze the characteristics and significance of the research. At the time when Hyun Yong-jun was active in research activities, the material culture of shamanism was not the subject of attention. As a result, very few basic data related to the material culture have been accumulated. On the contrary, Hyun Yong-jun has identified the material culture of Jeju shamanism as a subject of individual study since the 1960s and made an attempt to study it. In that respect, he is a researcher who made it possible to discuss the shamanistic research of Jeju island from various views. Among the research achievements made by Hyun Yong-jun, the study related to the shaman material culture hold significance in many aspects. First, after the shamanism of Joseon had been studied by Japanese researchers, Murayama Jizen 村山智順) and Akiwa Takashi (秋葉隆), Hyun Yong-jun contributed to the accumulation of research results related to the material culture of shamanism, which had been neglected for a while. Second, Hyun’s work focused on materials, shapes and compositions, which lay the foundation for the research on material culture, and thereby allowed discussions to be made. Third, Hyun’s research provided empirical archive of basic data for discussions to be made on the history of material culture of Jeju shamanism and offered figures for a more precise understanding of the material through diagrams. Forth, Hyun’s work summarized in details various ritual symbols of the material. For instance, when it comes to Sinkal and Sanpan which are the ritual tools used by Shimbang, a ritual presider of Jeju shamanism to show the intention of God during the ceremony, Hyun’s research presented a variety of cases as pictures, described and analyzed the meaning, which varies depending on the circumstances or types of the ritual. Fifth, Hyun Yong-jun analyzed the origins of Sindang (a ritual space for shamanism), sacrifice, Mengdu and Singan in Bonpuri (epic ritual music), which is the most remarkable element in Jejudo shamanism. He saw sacrifice as the least changing element among cultural elements, revealed the food that God favors or does not like in Bonpuri, and analyzed the divine hierarchy in it. Although Hyun Yong-jun’s work has the significance described above, it has several pitfalls. Hyun Yong-jun’s research on the material culture has not progressively analyzed the intermediary tendency that Kime and Mengdu holds in order to compare Shimbang and shaman; analyzed the meaning of sacrifice in Bonpuri in a fragments; and neglected discussions on the influence with other religions. Although it has shortfalls, Hyun Yong-jun’s research made a great contribution to the research not only on Jeju shamanism but also on the material culture: It recognized the material culture of shamanism as a necessary subject to understand Jeju shamanism and allowed to approach research on Jeju shamanism from various angles.

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