일본의 능동적 사이버 방어 전략의 형성과 전개: 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 이후 ACD 도입과 미일 전략적 연계를 중심으로

초록

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has underscored cyberspace as a strategic domain of operations, parallel to traditional battlefields. In response, Japan revised its National Security Strategy in 2022, officially designating cyberspace as a core element of national security. This revision introduced the concept of Active Cyber Defense (ACD) into national policy and led to strengthened Japan-U.S. cyber cooperation. This paper analyzes the formulation and institutionalization of Japan’s ACD strategy, focusing on the structural shifts in Japan’s cybersecurity policy following the Russia-Ukraine war. The analysis finds that Japan is moving away from a traditionally reactive stance through legal reforms and enhanced public- private collaboration. These changes are interpreted not as a purely independent initiative, but rather as policy responses shaped by the evolving international security environment and strategic alignment with the United States. In addition, the institutionalization of ACD is expected to prompt Northeast Asian countries, including South Korea, to reconsider their cybersecurity strategies and undertake institutional reforms.

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