한국어 ‘살다’ 동사와 일본어 ‘生きる’, ‘住む’, ‘暮す’ 동사의 의미관계에 대한 대조연구

초록

This paper examined the Korean verb “salda” and the Japanese verbs “ikiru,” “sumu,” and “kurasu,” which share a typical meaning, but the correspondence between the verbs is not one-to-one, but one-to-three, and presented the heterogeneity of the semantic range and relationship between them. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. If we reorganize the dictionary meanings of the verbs “salda” in Korean and “ikiru,” “sumu,” and “kurasu” in Japanese, the range of meanings of “salda” and “ikiru” is 10 meanings each, and the range of meanings of “sumu” and “kurasu” is 3 meanings each. (Example Sentences (10), (12), (14), and (16))2. The semantic relationship between Korean “salda” and Japanese “ikiru” has 7 shared meanings and 3 unshared meanings. (Section 4.1, Figure 1)3. The semantic relationship between Korean “salda” and Japanese “sumu,” and “kurasu” is that the semantic range of “sumu,” and “kurasu” is included in the semantic range of “salda,” and the three meanings of the two verbs are shared with “salda.” The remaining eigh meanings of “salda” are not shared with “sumu” and “kurasu.” (Figure 2 in Section 4.2, Figure 3 in Section 4.3)4. The semantic relationship of Japanese “ikiru,” “sumu,” and “kurasu” to Korean “salda” is that “ikiru” is the closest verb semantically to “salda,” with the most number of semantic ranges shared with “salda,” and the remaining verbs are closer to “salda” in the order of “kurasu” and “sumu.”5. The order of semantic closeness to ‘salda’ is “kurasu,” and “sumu.” This is because both “kurasu” and “sumu” verbs share the meaning of “dwell” and “live” in the semantic category of “salda,” but the meaning “make a living” in “kurasu” does not appear in the semantic category of “sumu.”

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