한일 단형(短形) 시가의 비교 연구 - ‘극(極)서정시’와 ‘하이쿠(俳句)’를 중심으로

초록

The Existentialism is a thought which has been so influential on Korean Intellectuals. Especially the latter has been interested in that of Jean-Paul Sartre and his theory of Engagement. This article investigated the 3 ways through which the existentialism and the theory of Engagement have been introduced and the meaning of these ways. At first, in the late of 1940s, Koreans met the existentialism on their search of ideal type that would be the spiritual criterion of the new emancipated society from the long colonized period. Secondly, during the 1950s, they found the existentialism as the correlative of the devastated mind, sense of despair and futility from the Korean War. Thirdly, in the early 1970s, Korean intellectuals examined the Sartrian theory of Engagement as a representative of the ideologies which are insisting the participation in the reality of the literature. However, in these heteroclite process, the Koreans were attracted to the existentialism by the same impulsion that is the will to new life. Therefore, it is necessary to discard the cliche that ‘the existentialism was related to the desperate feelings in front the radical situation.’ On the other hand, in the first process, the Koreans assumed the critical attitudes against the existentialism. That is, they didn`t consider the existentialism as a reference to build the spiritual touchstone of the new Korea. In the third process too, the some intellectual group refuted fiercely the theory of Engagement in literature being seized with terror by the hunch that the theory of Engagement in Sartrian existentialism could slide down to the communism. The two attacks started at the absolutely different political and philosophical grounds. The intellectuals in the liberation period had been sucked into the communism as the alternative system of the Modernity. Those in the early 1970s, as survivors of the war against the communists of North Korea, were afraid of the affinity between Sartrian Engagement theory and Socialist Realism Nevertheless, these two attitudes criticized the position of Sartre by the same argument that asserted that the thought of Sartre falls under the subjective idealism. What does this bizarre accord between the incompatibles attitudes mean? This resulted from the equal naive consideration into which two antagonistic philosophies were taking the relation between subjectivity and objectivity and the illusion they walked into by their obstructed logical structure. These naive attitudes retreat before Sartrian existentialism under the cause of passing it ahead.

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